Dennis Carr is the Virginia Steele Scott Chief Curator of American Art at the Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens. Jacqueline Francis is professor of the history of art and visual culture at California College of the Arts. John P. Bowles is associate professor of African American art at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Gwendolyn DuBois Shaw is the Class of 1940 Bicentennial Term Associate Professor in the history of art at the University of Pennsylvania.