Every periodontal surgical procedure begins with an incision, and the manner in which that incision is designed, executed, and sutured will have an enormous impact on its success. Periodontitis have at their disposal a wide variety of surgical procedures to augment, regenerate and reconstruct the soft and hard tissues of the human periodontium. Each of these surgical procedures has specific requirements regarding the type of flap access that is indicated and the manner in which it must be sutured.