The essays in this book consider issues of tolerance and intolerance faced by Jews and Christians between 200 BCE and 200 CE. Several essays are concerned with aspects of early Jewish-Christian relationships, several discuss ways Jews and Christians defined themselves against the pagan world, and several consider issues of tolerance that arose in rival groups within early Judaism and within early Christianity. The book derives from the first symposium in this field in which scholars from Israel and the UK shared, and is distinctive in its theme of perennial concern for humanity.