THE AUTHORS

Molly Cooke codirected the Study of Medical Education at The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. She is a professor of medicine and holds the William G. Irwin Endowed Chair at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine.

David M. Irby codirected the Study of Medical Education at The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. He is vice dean for education and a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, where he directs undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education programs and heads the Office of Medical Education.

Bridget C. O'Brien is an assistant professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine and a researcher in the Office of Medical Education.